The application of RDF datasets for spatiotemporal modeling in geoinformatics

Jaromar Łukowicz
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science
Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy
Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics
Poland

Adam Iwaniak
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science
Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy
Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics
Poland

Abstract

The crucial challenge for spatial development is proper description of phenomena occurring in real space and forecasting their future state. We need systems for gathering and organizing data describing the state of space in its dynamic form. Semantic Web technologies could be considered as promising tools to acquire such an aim. Among them, RDF graphs in the form of Linked Data and ontologies (in the form of taxonomic as well as axiomatic ontologies) seem to be very useful for such purpose. Presentation of spatial and temporal reference of reflected real objects can be performed by direct object description and by exposing spatiotemporal context of information about object from which this information was retrieved. First approach is related to data modeling, second to metadata modeling. The authors present the structure of RDF Datasets which makes it possible to combine both models in a coherent system. The joint system makes it possible to reuse common tools for searching of resources using metadata, and then for exploration and processing of the spatial data found. In addition, such approach gives us a chance to fill the gaps in retrieved data, referring to duration or location of objects, through the information contained in metadata.

Keywords:

ontologies; RDF datasets; named graphs; formal ontologies; spatiotemporal model

Full Text:

PDF (Polish)

References

Allen J.F., 1984: Towards a general theory of action and time. Artificial Intelligence 23: 123-154.

Mera Caraballo AA., Moura Arruda Junior N., Pereira Nunes B., Rabello Lopes G., Casanova M.A., 2014: TRTML – A Tripleset Recommendation Tool based on Supervised Learning Algorithms. The Semantic Web: ESWC 2014 Satellite Events May 25–29, 2014 (Anissaras, Crete, Greece)

Berners-Lee T., Hendler J., Lassila O., 2001: The Semantic Web. Scientific American 501.

Berners-Lee T., Connolly D., 2001: Delta: an ontology for the distribution of differences between RDF graphs. MIT CSAIL 2009/08/27..http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Diff

Berners-Lee T., 2004: Reifying RDF (properly), and N3. MIT CSAIL. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Reify.html

Bizer Ch., Heath T., Berners-Lee T., 2009: Linked Data - The Story So Far. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS).

Bittner T., Donnelly M., Smith B., 2009: A spatio-temporal ontology for geographic information integration. International Journal of Geogr.Inf.Science, Vol. 23: 765-798.

Carroll J. J., Bizer C., Hayes P., Stickler P., 2005. Named graphs, provenance and trust. Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web. ACM Press, (New York, NY, USA): 613-622.

Cox S., 2014: Basic Observations and Sampling Feature Ontology. Semantic Web Journal. http://www.semantic-web-journal.net/system/files/swj890.pdf

Grenon P, 2003: BFO in a Nutshell: A Bi-categorial Axiomatization of BFO and Comparison with DOLCE, IFOMIS REPORTS

Grenon P, Smith B., 2004: SNAP and SPAN: Towards Dynamic Spatial Ontology. Spat.Cog.Comp. Vol. 4: 69-104.

Gruber T., 1995: What is an Ontology? International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Vol. 43, Issues 4-5: 907-928.

Gutierrez C., Hurtado C.A., Vaisman A., 2007 : Introducing Time into RDF. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 2: 207 p.

Harvey F., Jones J., Scheider S., Iwaniak A., Kaczmarek I., Łukowicz J., Strzelecki M., 2014: Little Steps Towards Big Goals. Using Linked Data to Develop Next Generation Spatial Data Infrastructures (aka SDI 3.0). Proceedings of the AGILE' 2014 ICGIS (Castellón), ISBN: 978-90-816960-4-3.

Herre H., 2010: General Formal Ontology (GFO) A Foundational Ontology for Conceptual Modelling. Media, Vol. 2, Issue: 15: 1-50.

Husserl E., 1901: Badania logiczne (Logische Untersuchungen). Trans. A.Półtawski. PWN 2006.

Kuhn W., Kauppinen T., Janowicz K., 2014: Linked Data – A Paradigm Shift for Geographic Information Science. 8th IC, GIScience 2014, Vienna, Austria. Springer. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 8728: 173-186.

Li Y.D., Tong X.H., Liu M L., 2008: A Unified Version-Based Spatio-Temporal Data Model. Archives: 103-108.

Iwaniak A., Kaczmarek I., Kubik T., Łukowicz J., Paluszynski W., Kourie D., Cooper A.K., Coetzee S., 2011: An intelligent geoportal for spatial planning. 25th International Cartographic Conference ICC 2011. (Paris).

Iwaniak A., Łukowicz J., Strzelecki M., Kaczmarek I., 2013: Ontology Driven Analysis of Spatio-temporal Phenomena, Aimed At Spatial Planning And Environmental Forecasting, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Archives Vol. XL-7/W2, ISPRS2013-SSG, (Antalya, Turkey): 119-124.

Iwaniak A., Kaczmarek I., Strzelecki M., Łukowicz J., 2014: Publikowanie danych przestrzennych jako Linked Open Data. Roczniki Geomatyki t.12, z. 1(63): 67-79, PTIP, Warszawa.

ISO/TC 211 Geographic information/Geomatics. 2009: Report from stage 0 Project 19150 Geographic information – Ontology. ISO/TC 211/WG 7/PT 19150.

Kiryakow A., Momtchev V., 2009: Triplesets: Tagging and Grouping in RDF Datasets. http://www.w3.org/2009/12/rdf-ws/papers/ws24.pdf

Li Y.D., Tong X.H., Liu M.L., 2008: A Unified Version-Based Spatio-Temporal Data Model. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Archives Vol. XXXVII. Part B2. (Beijing): 103-108.

Łukowicz J., Iwaniak A., Strzelecki M., Kaczmarek I., 2014: Modelowanie dynamiki zjawisk w planowaniu przestrzennym z wykorzystaniem ontologii formalnych. Roczniki Geomatyki t.12, z.1(63): 81-91, PTIP, Warszawa.

Łukowicz J., Kaczmarek I., Iwaniak A., 2012: Semantic metadata in SDI for decision support systems in spatial planning. Global Geospatial Conference 2012 (Québec City, Canada). GSDI Association.

Ryan N., Pascoe J., Morse D., 1998: Enhanced Reality Fieldwork: the Context Aware Archaeological Assistant. Kent, CT2 7NF, UK. http://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/pubs/1998/616/content.html

Udrea O., Reforgiato Recupero D., Subrahmanian V.S., 2008: Annotated RDF. University of Maryland IACS.